Essential information for end of life vehicle dismantling, depollution and recycling

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ELV depollution under scrutiny: fire, hazard and cost risks for ATFs

Environment Agency fire advisor Peter Buckley warns that shredding ELVs before full depollution is illegal and hazardous-waste mixing that drives fire, explosion, and cost risks for ATFs and metal shredders. Operators must fully depollute, including airbags and pyrotechnics, consign undepolluted ELVs as hazardous, and check their permits with the EA if unsure.

EA sets out fire, hazardous waste and cost risks for ATFs and metal shredders

Environment Agency officers in hi-vis inspecting vehicle depollution at an authorised treatment facility with stacked ELVs and grab loader p

Peter Buckley, Senior Fire Advisor at the Environment Agency (EA), with responsibility as national lead for fire prevention and end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). Drawing on three decades’ experience with Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service and his current EA role, he sets out the emerging depollution and shredding issues the Agency is seeing at ELV sites, the regulatory requirements behind them, and what non-compliance means in practice for ATFs and metal shredders.

EA perspective on depollution and ELV fire risk

I have worked for the Environment Agency (EA) since 2018. My national roles include fire prevention and end-of-life vehicles lead. Before joining the EA, I worked for 30 years in the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (GMFRS), attending many incidents, including significant events at end-of-life vehicle (ELV) sites.

I want to use this opportunity to highlight some common challenges currently emerging in the ELV sector related to depollution and shredding vehicles. Although this editorial focuses on vehicle types described in the ELV Regulations, my remit covers all waste vehicles, including lorries, trains and aircraft.

While many permitted sites operate to a high standard of depollution and dismantling, we are aware of some operators that cut corners, resulting in environmental pollution, and we take action to bring those sites back into compliance.

Hazardous vs non-hazardous: when an ELV can be shredded

An ELV that has not been fully depolluted is hazardous waste, while a fully depolluted ELV is non-hazardous waste. Our position has always been that only fully depolluted ELVs can be shredded, and shredders are only authorised to shred depolluted ELVs.

This practice has highlighted several concerns:

  • An ELV that has not been fully depolluted in accordance with the requirements of Article 6 and Annex 1(3) of the End-of-Life Vehicle Directive remains hazardous waste and must be treated and consigned as hazardous waste.  
  • Metal shredder operators in England are accepting ELVs in the belief that they have been fully depolluted and, therefore, treating them as non-hazardous.
  • Hazardous material is dispersed in the shredder, contaminating non-hazardous fraction.

Permit requirements – and what non-compliance looks like

All ELV permits require that ELVs are fully depolluted, and failing to complete depollution activities is a breach of permit conditions (e.g. Condition 2.5.1 in all Standard Rules permits and Table 2.5).

Operational risks for metal shredders and the wider sector

If an ELV is not fully depolluted, it will be illegally processed in metal shredders. It is an offence to cause someone to contravene their permit condition. This can also lead to:

  • An increased risk of fires and explosions within metal shredders. 
  • An increased risk of noise from the metal shredding operations. 
  • The illegal mixing of hazardous, undepolluted ELVs (or WEEE) and non-hazardous waste will result in all shredder residue being classified as a pre-mixed hazardous waste, regardless of chemical analysis. 
  • Shredding of ELVs that have not been fully depolluted is contrary to the requirements of Article 6(3)(b) of the End-of-Life Vehicle Directive. 
  • Metal shredder residue (MSR) will be hazardous, and therefore, disposal will be more expensive, and the cost will be passed on to ELV dismantlers.
  • Increased metal shredder residue (MSR) disposal costs translate into lower scrap prices.

Airbags and pyrotechnics: a growing depollution concern

One significant concern is that some ELV dismantlers are failing to remove or detonate (neutralise) airbags and other pyrotechnic safety devices from ELVs during the depollution process. This is a requirement of the depollution process and of all ELV dismantling permits and is contrary to the requirements of Article 6 of the ELV Directive.

What ELV operators should do if unsure

While this has always been a clear requirement, we have been made aware that this non-compliant practice appears to be more commonplace across the sector.

We ask operators to be aware of the need to fully depollute vehicles and the consequences of failing to do so.

If you are unsure of any of the rules relating to your environmental permits, please contact your local Environment Agency office for guidance via our National Customer Contact Centre on 03708 506 506.

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e2e Total Loss Vehicle Management [e2e] is the UK’s only salvage and automotive recycling network with nationwide, environmentally compliant sites delivering performance resilience and service reliability to the insurance and fleet markets.  The network’s online salvage auction www.salvagemarket.co.uk drives strong salvage resale values and faster sales.  e2e’s salvage clients have access to the network’s stocks of over 5 million quality graded, warranty assured reclaimed parts. 

The power of the network model means e2e has the ability to influence industry standards and is committed to continually raising the bar whilst redefining the role and perceived value of the salvage operator.  Network members adhere to robust service level agreements, against which they are audited, in order to ensure performance consistency and a market leading customer experience.  

The salvage and recycling operating environment is evolving rapidly, and e2e is anticipating, listening and responding to changing market needs.  Regulatory compliance, ESG, reclaimed parts, customer experience, EVs, new vehicle technologies, data and reputation risk are just some of many considerations linked to the procurement of salvage services.  e2e will drive further added value to clients and members through the adoption and application of emerging technologies, continuing to differentiate its proposition and position salvage services as a professional partnership. 

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Owain Griffiths

Head of Circular Economy at Volvo Cars

Owain joined Volvo Cars in June 2021 to lead Circular Economy in the Global Sustainability Team. The company has committed to being a circular business by 2040 and has financial, recycled content and CO2 based targets for 2025, all of which Owain is working across the company to make happen. Owain previously worked for circular economy consultancy Oakdene Hollins where he advised businesses on evidence led circular economy implementation. 

Turning into a circular business and the importance of vehicle reuse and recycling.

The presentation will cover the work Volvo Cars is doing to achieve 2025 but mainly focus on the transformational work towards 2040 and the business and value chain changes being considered. Attention will be paid to the way vehicles are being dealt with at the end of life and the complexities of closing material and component loops. Opportunities and challenges which Volvo Cars is facing will be presented including engagement with 3rd parties and increasing pressure from stakeholders.

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Closing date for Entry is

This award recognises businesses that go beyond their day-to-day operations to make a positive and lasting contribution to their local communities.

Entries may include initiatives such as supporting community events or sports teams, donating vehicles or parts to colleges and training providers, raising funds for charities, working with local authorities to remove untaxed or abandoned vehicles from public roads, or any other activity that improves safety, supports education, promotes responsible vehicle ownership or benefits the wider community.

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With a strong commitment to sustainability, traceability and circular economy solutions, Autocirc supplies recycled OEM parts to collision and repair workshops, vehicle manufacturers and insurance companies, supporting a more efficient, lower-waste model for repair and parts supply.

At a vehicle recycling conference, his perspective is highly relevant. The opportunity for ATFs and recyclers is no longer limited to dismantling and material recovery; it is increasingly about building trusted, traceable and scalable routes for parts reuse within a circular automotive ecosystem.

Hugues’ session, “From Waste to Value: Building a Scalable Circular Ecosystem in the Automotive Aftermarket,” will explore how automotive recycling can move further up the value chain, creating stronger links between dismantlers, repairers, insurers and OEMs. He will examine what it takes to build circular systems at scale, and how traceable reuse of pre-owned OEM parts can help shape a more sustainable, resilient and commercially attractive future for the automotive aftermarket.

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He will explore practical applications for vehicle recyclers, from process optimisation and data handling to workflow automation, while making clear that AI is a support tool, not a replacement for industry expertise.

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Alan is a fourth-term Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor (DGSA) and has spent over 33 years in the waste industry. Since 2012, he has been at the centre of developing practical, compliant solutions for lithium battery management, work that helped establish one of the UK’s first dedicated battery workshops in 2017 and, in September 2022, one of the country’s first waste battery plants designed to recover materials via mechanical shredding and separation.

At a vehicle recycling conference, this topic is moving rapidly from “emerging” to “urgent”. Alan’s presentation explores what ATFs and recyclers need to know now: the real-world challenges of collection, transport and storage; the handling risks associated with damaged or unknown-state batteries; and the operational and commercial conditions the sector is likely to face over the next decade as EV volumes rise.

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A Director at EY LLP in London and the firm’s UK&I Transport and Logistics Leader within its Mobility practice, Mark specialises in capital equipment valuation and asset lifecycle advisory.

With more than 20 years’ experience across automotive, fleet and leasing, he supports organisations with residual value modelling, portfolio strategy, financial reporting and total cost of ownership analysis.

In this session, Mark will explore how traditional TCO models must now incorporate end-of-life risk, battery uncertainty and disposal obligations. For Authorised Treatment Facilities, this has real implications, from the economics of EV dismantling and material recovery to the operational challenges of recovering and storing damaged electric vehicles after accidents.

He will also examine the growing need to reskill technicians to manage high-voltage systems safely, connecting financial exposure with operational readiness. The result is a clear-eyed view of how electrification is redefining asset risk, lifecycle value and long-term profitability across the vehicle recycling ecosystem.

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Prior to founding CES, Hans Eric served as Vice President of Market Development at Battery Solutions, then the largest battery recycler in the United States, where he worked on scaling recycling capacity and developing downstream markets. Earlier, he was CEO of Refind Technologies, a technology company developing AI-based sorting systems for battery recycling facilities.

Through his research and advisory work, Hans Eric has been instrumental in shaping industry understanding of structural challenges and opportunities within battery circularity. His analysis has highlighted issues such as China’s central role in battery reuse, recycling, and materials refining; the global trade in used battery-containing products; and the outsized influence of ownership models, consumer behaviour, and regulation on battery lifetimes, often exceeding purely technical constraints.

Hans Eric’s insights have been published in leading scientific journals, including Science and Nature, and are frequently cited by international media such as BloombergThe Wall Street Journal, and Wired. He is a regular keynote speaker and moderator at major conferences across Europe, North America, and Asia.

Hans Eric holds a BSc in Communication Studies and Business Administration from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and is based between London and Vienna.

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Head-and-shoulders portrait of a middle-aged man in a dark suit and grey tie, facing the camera against a white background.
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Vice President - Toyota Motor Europe
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Leon van der Merwe brings a senior OEM perspective to one of the most important shifts facing the vehicle recycling sector: the move towards a fully integrated circular economy. A highly experienced automotive leader, Leon has held major executive roles across retail, aftermarket and manufacturing. From serving as Managing Director of Kwik Fit South Africa to leading product and services strategy in Europe, and later holding senior positions with First Stop and Bridgestone Europe, his career spans the breadth of the automotive value chain.

Since joining Toyota Motor Europe in 2014, Leon has led After Sales before expanding his responsibilities to cover the entire Value Chain. In 2019, he moved into manufacturing as Vice President of Supply Chain, Manufacturing Support and Production Control, guiding operations through Brexit and Covid. In July 2023, he created two new strategic functions, Circular Economy and Energy Business, reinforcing Toyota’s long-term commitment to sustainability and new mobility models

For vehicle recycling, this signals a fundamental shift. OEMs are increasingly designing vehicles with reuse, remanufacture and material recovery in mind and seeking structured collaboration with recyclers.

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VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Mary Creagh CBE MP

CBE MP
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Defra)
Labour MP for Coventry East

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VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Paul Sell

Director at Trend Tracker, Industry Insights & Service Certainty Ltd

With more than two decades at the heart of the UK insurance sector, Paul Sell brings a deep understanding of how claims economics directly influence the vehicle repair and recycling markets.

Paul spent 23 years with Aviva, leading a range of commercial roles across partnerships and claims supply chain. After working closely with vehicle manufacturers, he transitioned into Claims Supply Chain, ultimately becoming Head of Supply Chain with responsibility for supplier relationships across all product lines. His experience spans procurement strategy, repair networks, cost control and operational performance — insight that is increasingly relevant to Authorised Treatment Facilities navigating insurer-led decisions.

Since leaving Aviva seven years ago, Paul has worked independently with innovative businesses including RightIndem and Service Certainty, while providing consultancy to insurers and manufacturers through Industry Insights. He also played a key role in the acquisition and leadership of Trend Tracker, which now delivers regular market intelligence and analysis to the motor claims and repair sector.

In his session, Paul will explore the trends shaping the Motor Vehicle Repair Market — from repair-versus-write-off decisions and parts pressures to insurer behaviour and market cycles. For ATFs, these dynamics directly affect vehicle volumes, salvage values and end-of-life flows. Delegates will gain a clearer picture of where the market is heading and what it means for the future of vehicle recycling.

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VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Conrad Caine

Conrad Caine

Founder, MACHINES LIKE ME

As the conversation around AI accelerates, Conrad Caine is focused on one question: how can artificial intelligence deliver practical, measurable value in real-world industries like vehicle recycling?

Conrad is the Founder of MACHINES LIKE ME, an AI automation company that designs and deploys AI agents to transform manual operational and administrative tasks into reliable, scalable end-to-end automation. Working with organisations across sectors, he helps connect data, systems and workflows to streamline operations, reduce operating costs and improve quality, turning AI from theory into tangible business performance.

At a conference themed Auto Recycling Intelligence, Conrad’s session will address both the opportunity and the scepticism surrounding AI in the vehicle recycling sector. What is AI really? What can it genuinely automate, and what should remain firmly human-led?

He will explore practical applications for vehicle recyclers, from process optimisation and data handling to workflow automation, while making clear that AI is a support tool, not a replacement for industry expertise.

Blending philosophy with practical examples, Conrad will demystify artificial intelligence, challenge common misconceptions and show how vehicle recyclers can adopt AI confidently, improving efficiency without losing the human intelligence that drives the sector.

ATF Pro Logo

VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Mark Main

Director, EY LLP – UK&I Transport & Logistics Leader, Mobility Practice

As electrification reshapes the automotive sector, the financial logic behind vehicles is changing just as rapidly as the technology itself. Mark Main brings a strategic asset and valuation perspective to this transformation, helping the industry understand what electric vehicles truly cost, not just to buy and run, but to recover, repair, recycle and retire.

A Director at EY LLP in London and the firm’s UK&I Transport and Logistics Leader within its Mobility practice, Mark specialises in capital equipment valuation and asset lifecycle advisory.

With more than 20 years’ experience across automotive, fleet and leasing, he supports organisations with residual value modelling, portfolio strategy, financial reporting and total cost of ownership analysis.

In this session, Mark will explore how traditional TCO models must now incorporate end-of-life risk, battery uncertainty and disposal obligations. For Authorised Treatment Facilities, this has real implications, from the economics of EV dismantling and material recovery to the operational challenges of recovering and storing damaged electric vehicles after accidents.

He will also examine the growing need to reskill technicians to manage high-voltage systems safely, connecting financial exposure with operational readiness. The result is a clear-eyed view of how electrification is redefining asset risk, lifecycle value and long-term profitability across the vehicle recycling ecosystem.

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VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

HANS ERIC MELIN

Founder and Managing Director of CES Research and Consulting

Hans Eric Melin is the Founder and Managing Director of CES Research and Consulting, a London-based research and advisory firm recognised globally for its expertise in lithium-ion battery lifecycle management, with a particular focus on reuse, recycling, and end-of-life value chains. Since 2017, CES has become a primary source of data-driven insight on the rapidly evolving battery circular economy, supporting stakeholders across industry, finance, and policy.

Prior to founding CES, Hans Eric served as Vice President of Market Development at Battery Solutions, then the largest battery recycler in the United States, where he worked on scaling recycling capacity and developing downstream markets. Earlier, he was CEO of Refind Technologies, a technology company developing AI-based sorting systems for battery recycling facilities.

Through his research and advisory work, Hans Eric has been instrumental in shaping industry understanding of structural challenges and opportunities within battery circularity. His analysis has highlighted issues such as China’s central role in battery reuse, recycling, and materials refining; the global trade in used battery-conta

ining products; and the outsized influence of ownership models, consumer behaviour, and regulation on battery lifetimes, often exceeding purely technical constraints.

Hans Eric’s insights have been published in leading scientific journals, including Science and Nature, and are frequently cited by international media such as Bloomberg, The Wall Street Journal, and Wired. He is a regular keynote speaker and moderator at major conferences across Europe, North America, and Asia.

Hans Eric holds a BSc in Communication Studies and Business Administration from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and is based between London and Vienna.

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VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Head-and-shoulders portrait of a middle-aged man in a dark suit and grey tie, facing the camera against a white background.

Leon van der Merwe

Vice President at Toyota Motor Europe.

Leon van der Merwe brings a senior OEM perspective to one of the most important shifts facing the vehicle recycling sector: the move towards a fully integrated circular economy. A charismatic and highly experienced automotive leader, Leon has held major executive roles across retail, aftermarket and manufacturing. From serving as Managing Director of Kwik Fit South Africa to leading product and services strategy in Europe, and later holding senior positions with First Stop and Bridgestone Europe, his career spans the breadth of the automotive value chain

Since joining Toyota Motor Europe in 2014, Leon has led After Sales before expanding his responsibilities to cover the entire Value Chain. In 2019 he moved into manufacturing as Vice President of Supply Chain, Manufacturing Support and Production Control, guiding operations through Brexit and Covid. In July 2023, he created two new strategic functions — Circular Economy and Energy Business — reinforcing Toyota’s long-term commitment to sustainability and new mobility models

For vehicle recycling, this signals a fundamental shift. OEMs are increasingly designing vehicles with reuse, remanufacture and material recovery in mind — and seeking structured collaboration with recyclers.

Leon’s session will explore how circular economy strategy is influencing vehicle design, dismantling processes, data transparency and material flows, and what this means for auto recyclers aiming to position themselves as trusted partners within an OEM-led, end-to-end value chain.

VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Dismantlers at the centre of the aftermarket - Andrew Marsh
Andrew Marsh
Technical director - AutoBody Bible Ltd
The China Effect: Risk or Opportunity for Vehicle Recyclers?

With more than four decades in automotive engineering, Andrew Marsh brings rare depth and straight-talking clarity to the challenges now facing vehicle recycling. An engineering graduate since 1984, Andrew spent over 20 years inside major OEMs before moving into a second career phase with Thatcham Research.

In 2011, he founded AutoBody Bible Ltd to deliver bodyshop-focused repair intelligence, and in 2026 he begins a new business venture. A respected technical commentator, he writes for leading bodyshop publications and is a Fellow of both the IMI and the IAEA.

A regular international presenter, Andrew speaks at industry events around the world and is also a familiar voice to our audience, having previously presented at our conferences.

In this session, Andrew will examine China’s growing influence on the European automotive market and why this matters directly to Authorised Treatment Facilities. As Europe moves toward 2030, will China’s manufacturing strength reshape volumes, vehicle types and parts availability, and what could that mean for ATF profitability and compliance?

Andrew will cut through the headlines to explore how Chinese industrial policy, European regulation and high energy costs combine to impact end-of-life vehicle flows. Crucially, he will set out the potential “win or lose” implications for ATFs,  from changing dismantling demand and material values to new operational pressures, emerging opportunities and the strategic steps ATFs can take to stay ahead.

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VEHICLE RECYCLING CONFERENCE 2026

Alan Colledge

Alan Colledge

Company Title

As lithium batteries become a defining feature of end-of-life vehicles, Alan Colledge is helping the UK recycling sector adapt safely and at scale. As Technical Director of Lithium Battery Recycling Solutions (SUEZ), Alan leads the safe collection, handling and recycling of lithium batteries, with a particular focus on traction batteries from the automotive and wider mobility markets.

Alan is a fourth-term Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor (DGSA) and has spent over 33 years in the waste industry. Since 2012, he has been at the centre of developing practical, compliant solutions for lithium battery management, work that helped establish one of the UK’s first dedicated battery workshops in 2017 and, in September 2022, one of the country’s first waste battery plants designed to recover materials via mechanical shredding and separation.

At a vehicle recycling conference, this topic is moving rapidly from “emerging” to “urgent”. Alan’s presentation explores what ATFs and recyclers need to know now: the real-world challenges of collection, transport and storage; the handling risks associated with damaged or unknown-state batteries; and the operational and commercial conditions the sector is likely to face over the next decade as EV volumes rise.

He’ll also share news of SUEZ’s latest investment in battery recycling,  and what it could mean for UK capacity, downstream routes and future collaboration with ATFs.

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